A permutation is an ordered arrangement of objects. For example, 3124 is one possible permutation of the digits 1, 2, 3 and 4. If all of the permutations are listed numerically or alphabetically, we call it lexicographic order. The lexicographic permutations of 0, 1 and 2 are: 012 021 102 …
The Fibonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence relation: Fn = Fn−1 + Fn−2, where F1 = 1 and F2 = 1. Hence the first 12 terms will be: F1 = 1 F2 = 1 F3 = 2 F4 = 3 F5 = 5 F6 = 8 F7 = 13 …
A perfect number is a number for which the sum of its proper divisors is exactly equal to the number. For example, the sum of the proper divisors of 28 would be 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28, which means that 28 is a perfect …
n! means n × (n − 1) × … × 3 × 2 × 1 For example, 10! = 10 × 9 × … × 3 × 2 × 1 = 3628800, and the sum of the digits in the number 10! is 3 + 6 + 2 + 8 …
If the numbers 1 to 5 are written out in words: one, two, three, four, five, then there are 3 + 3 + 5 + 4 + 4 = 19 letters used in total. If all the numbers from 1 to 1000 (one thousand) inclusive were written out in words, …
In the 20×20 grid below, four numbers along a diagonal line have been marked in red. 08 02 22 97 38 15 00 40 00 75 04 05 07 78 52 12 50 77 91 08 49 49 99 40 17 81 18 57 60 87 17 40 98 43 …
The following iterative sequence is defined for the set of positive integers: n → n/2 (n is even) n → 3n + 1 (n is odd) Using the rule above and starting with 13, we generate the following sequence: 13 → 40 → 20 → 10 → 5 → 16 …
215 = 32768 and the sum of its digits is 3 + 2 + 7 + 6 + 8 = 26. What is the sum of the digits of the number 21000? This was easily solved via Python by using modulus 10 to iterate through the digits – the solution …
Work out the first ten digits of the sum of the following one-hundred 50-digit numbers. 37107287533902102798797998220837590246510135740250 46376937677490009712648124896970078050417018260538 74324986199524741059474233309513058123726617309629 91942213363574161572522430563301811072406154908250 23067588207539346171171980310421047513778063246676 89261670696623633820136378418383684178734361726757 28112879812849979408065481931592621691275889832738 44274228917432520321923589422876796487670272189318 47451445736001306439091167216856844588711603153276 70386486105843025439939619828917593665686757934951 62176457141856560629502157223196586755079324193331 64906352462741904929101432445813822663347944758178 92575867718337217661963751590579239728245598838407 58203565325359399008402633568948830189458628227828 80181199384826282014278194139940567587151170094390 35398664372827112653829987240784473053190104293586 86515506006295864861532075273371959191420517255829 71693888707715466499115593487603532921714970056938 54370070576826684624621495650076471787294438377604 53282654108756828443191190634694037855217779295145 36123272525000296071075082563815656710885258350721 45876576172410976447339110607218265236877223636045 17423706905851860660448207621209813287860733969412 81142660418086830619328460811191061556940512689692 51934325451728388641918047049293215058642563049483 62467221648435076201727918039944693004732956340691 15732444386908125794514089057706229429197107928209 55037687525678773091862540744969844508330393682126 18336384825330154686196124348767681297534375946515 80386287592878490201521685554828717201219257766954 78182833757993103614740356856449095527097864797581 16726320100436897842553539920931837441497806860984 48403098129077791799088218795327364475675590848030 87086987551392711854517078544161852424320693150332 59959406895756536782107074926966537676326235447210 …
A Pythagorean triplet is a set of three natural numbers, a < b < c, for which, a2 + b2 = c2 For example, 32 + 42 = 9 + 16 = 25 = 52. There exists exactly one Pythagorean triplet for which a + b + c = 1000. …